[Endovascular repair of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms assisted by double balloon occlusion technique combined with intra-aneurysm fibrin binder injection technique].

Objective: To investigate the long-term efficacy and safety of alternating double balloon occlusion combined with intra-aneurysm injection of human fibrin binder in the endovascular repair of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (rAAA). Methods: The clinical data of 28 patients with rAAA admitted to Department of Vascular Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from January 2015 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 23 males and 5 females, aged (62±5) years (range: 46 to 88 years).The maximum diameter of the tumors was (65.2±10.5) mm (range: 47.3 to 100.5 mm), all of which were subrenal rAAA. The intraoperative EVAR for abdominal aortic aneurysm was successfully performed under the emergency green channel procedure, and this surgery was assisted used the double balloon occlusion technique in aorta of inferior renal and superior renalcombined with intraoperative human fibrin binder injection technique. Observation indexes included: patients with preoperative preparation, operation time, hospitalization days, surgical treatment success rate and the incidence of postoperative complications, and aortic stent form during the follow-up period, the incidence of leakage, branch stents patency rate and infection rates. Results: The preoperative preparation time of 28 patients was (45.5±8.5) minutes (range:20 to 100 minutes). The operation time was (100.0±15.5) minutes (range:85 to 210 minutes), the ICU stay time was (7±2) days(range:1 to 17 days). The length of hospitalization was (13.5±2.5) days(range:5 to 43 days). The success rate of surgical treatment was 92.9% (26/28). Two patients died, 1 case died of postoperative multifocal lacunar cerebral infarction and massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage, and another elderly patient (84 years old) died of massive abdominal fluid due to preoperative abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture, postoperative complicated with significant abdominal compartment syndrome, and secondary multiple organ failure. Balloon occlusion of the upper renal aorta took (13±2)minutes (range:12 to 30 minutes). The intraoperative injection of fibrin adhesive was (14±2) ml(range:6 to 28 ml) in 22 cases. The incidence of major postoperative complications was 57.1% (16/28). Among the 26 patients who survived the surgery, 69.2% (18/26) completed the 3-year follow-up, and the follow-up time was (30±3) months(range:13 to 36 months). During the follow-up, the aortic stent was in good shape without obvious displacement. The incidence of leakage within 6 months after the operation was 10.7% (3/28), and there was no internal leakage in the patients who were followed up for 36 months after the operation. The patency rate of renal artery and iliac artery branch stents was 16/18. The incidence of stent infection was 7.7% (2/26), 1 case occurred at 1 month and another case at 6 months, respectively. All patients recovered after prolonged intensive anti-infection therapy. Conclusions: Under the standard emergency treatment process, the double balloon alternating occlusion technique combined with the intra-aneurysm injection of human fibrin adhesive technique can assist the successful completion of the endovascular repair of rAAA, effectively improve the success rate of treatment for patients, and reduce the incidence of postoperative leakage and serious complications. The mid-term and long-term results of EVAR for rAAA are good, safe and reliable.

[Relationship between the ideal cardiovascular health behaviors and factors and newonset heart failure].

Objective: To explore the relationship between the ideal cardiovascular health behaviors and factors and newonset heart failure. Methods: It was a prospective cohort study. People who attended the 2006-2007 physical examination of Kailuan Group Company and with complete data of cardiovascular behaviors and related factors were eligible for this study. A total of 95 167 participants who were free of valvular heart diseases, congenital heart diseases and a prior history of heart failure were included. Basic cardiovascular health score (CHS) of each participant was calculated. Participants were divided into 3 groups according to CHS. Group 1:CHS<8 (n=26 640), Group 2:8≤CHS<10 (n=35 230), Group3:CHS≥10 (n=33 297). The general clinical data and laboratory test results were collected. The outcome was defined as the first occurrence of heart failure at the end of followup(December 31, 2016). Cox regression model was used to determine the association between baseline CHS and the risk of newonset heart failure. Results: After a median followup of 10.3 years, the incidence of newonset heart failure in the group of CHS<8,8≤CHS<10,CHS≥10 were 2.7%(729/26 640), 1.8%(651/35 230) and 1.1%(360/33 297),respectively. After adjustment for age, sex, history of myocardial infarction, history of atrial fibrillation, income, alcohol consumption, education and the use of antihypertensive, cholesterol-lowering, glucose-lowering medications, compared with the group of CHS<8, the Cox regression model showed that HRs of the group of 8≤CHS<10 and CHS≥10 were 0.68 (95%CI 0.61-0.75), 0.49 (95%CI 0.43-0.55), respectively. Cox regression analysis after removing each single cardiovascular behavior or factor showed that the HR value range ability was as follows:systolic blood pressure(HR=0.78,95%CI 0.74-0.82), body mass index(HR=0.78,95%CI 0.74-0.82), fasting blood glucose (HR=0.77,95%CI 0.73-0.81), total cholesterol(HR=0.76,95%CI 0.72-0.80), physical exercise(HR=0.72,95%CI 0.69-0.76), smoking(HR=0.75,95%CI 0.71-0.79) and salt intake(HR=0.73,95%CI 0.69-0.77). Conclusion: CHS is negatively associated with the risk of newonset heart failure, and there is a dose-response relationship between the two indexes.

[Clinical application of combined infratemporal fossa approaches for internal carotid artery in petrous bone reconstruction for large lateral skull base tumors].

Objective: By summarizing the technical points and therapeutic outcomes of combing infratemporal fossa approach (IFA) and internal carotid artery (ICA) reconstruction for the colossal skull base tumor invading ICA in petrous bone, the clinical application value was discussed. Methods: Five patients (2 males, 3 females,aging from 27 to 55 years old) who received surgeries between July 2015 and May 2017 for lateral skull base pathology involved petrous ICA using technique combined IFA and pre-reconstruction, were reviewed. Results: Among the five patients, three were paraganglioma of head and neck, one was carotid aneurysms, and one was recurrent adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC). The median tumor size in the largest cross-section was 60 mm × 51 mm (range, 28 mm × 22 mm-72 mm × 58 mm). Complete excision was achieved with IFA and ICA reconstruction. The median blood loss volume was 1 000 ml (range, 600-2 500 ml). Four cases showed no new long-term neurologic sequelae, while one showed hemiplegia due to graft vessel occlusion. Except for the one with ACC having facial nerve cut, others achieved good facial nerve function of HB grade Ⅰ to Ⅱ during 3 to 12 months, follow-up. No tumor recurrence was observed over the median duration of follow-up for above 36 months (range, 36-58 months). Conclusion: For lesions involved superior part of ICA, which is unable to separate from ICA, IFA and ICA reconstruction can achieve complete excision.

[Surgery technique of combined different infratemporal fossa approaches for lesions in lateral skull base].

Objective: To investigate the technical points and clinical application of combined infratemporal fossa approaches (CIFA) by analyzing the clinical results with CIFA for lesions involved skull base. Methods: A retrospective study was performed on 11 patients underwent CIFA for skull base lesions dissection from December 2014 to January 2019 in the department of otolaryngology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital. There were 6 male and 5 female patients, with age range of 16-72 years old and median age of 53 years old. Five patients underwent CIFA Type B and D, and the other 6 underwent CIFA A and B. All patients were followed up regularly by CT and MRI to observe possible recurrence. Results: Among the 5 patients with CIFA Type B and D, 3 were giant cell tumor and 2 were giant cell reparative granuloma, and median maximum cross-section size was 42 mm×46 mm (range from 37 mm×18 mm to 56 mm×53 mm). Among the 6 patients with CIFA Type A and B, 4 were paraganglioma of head and neck, 1 was schwannoma of skull base, 1 was petrous cholesteatoma, and median maximum cross-section size was 43 mm×36 mm (range from 24 mm×22 mm to 63 mm×35 mm). Nine patients underwent complete resection of the tumor in the first stage. In 2 patients, the extracranial parts were removed in the first stage, and the intracranial part was removed in the second stage. Tympanum and ossicular reconstruction were done in one of the CIFA Type B and group D, and 1 year's postoperative hearing was mild conductive hearing loss. There was no cerebrospinal fluid leakage of all patients. All the 5 patients with normal facial nerve function before surgery recovered to H-B grade Ⅰ to Ⅱ within 3 months after surgery. Among the 4 patients whose preoperative facial nerve function were grade Ⅱ, 2 recovered to grade I after surgery and the other 2 were still grade Ⅱ. For the patient whose preoperative facial nerve function was grade Ⅴ, his postoperative recovery was grade Ⅲ. There was 1 patient whose pre-operative FN function was H-B grade Ⅲ, and the post-operative FN function was grade Ⅵ due to FN resection. Except for 2 cases with cochlear involved before surgery, cochleae of the other 9 cases were preserved. The follow-up time was 14 to 58 months. No recurrence was observed in all patients. Conclusions: The CIFA can safely and completely remove the extensive lesions that invade the skull base, and the facial nerve function can be well protected and recovered intro-and post-operation. Appropriate use of combined IFA can not only achieve good exposure and complete resection of lesions, but also create conditions for functional reconstruction.

The morphological and physiological basis of delayed pollination overcoming pre-fertilization cross-incompatibility in Nicotiana.

Delayed pollination is widely used to overcome pre-fertilization incompatibility, but its regulatory mechanisms are unclear. When Nicotiana tabacum was cross-pollinated with pollen of N. alata, the incompatibility occurring in the basal 1/4 region of the style (pollinated at anthesis: 0-day-old pistil) was overcome by delayed pollination (of 6-day-old pistil), and the morphological changes and corresponding physiological basis are explored here. The structure and ultrastructure of the pistil were observed under fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Differentially expressed proteins were screened with a monoclonal antibody chip for Nicotiana, and protein expression and distribution were analysed by immunofluorescence. Cellulase and pectinase activities were tested using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. The style of Nicotiana is solid in the basal region and pollen tubes grow in the extracellular spaces (ECM) of the transmitting tissue (TTS) cells. Seven of the 22 identified proteins were cell wall-associated proteins and were expressed at higher levels during pistil senescence. Cellulase and pectinase activities increased. The TTS cells in the basal 1/4 region of the 0-day-old style were polygonal and tightly arranged, with narrow ECM, but these were oval or partially dissolved in the 6-day-old pistil, leading to wider ECM and richer secretions. The increased expression of cell wall proteins and enhanced enzyme activity during pistil senescence might partially be responsible for the cells becoming oval and the ECM enlarged, providing the morphological basis for delayed pollination overcoming the pre-fertilization incompatibility between N. tabacum and N. alata.

[Impact of change of ideal cardiovascular behavior and related factors on healthy vascular aging].

Objective: To investigate the impact of change of ideal cardiovascular behavior and related factors on healthy vascular aging(HVA). Methods: This study was a multi-center cross-sectional survey. Six thousand three hundred and sixteen participants who underwent at least 2 healthy examinations from 2006 to 2015 at 11 hospitals, including Kailuan Hospital and so on, and examined brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) during 2010 and 2016, with available information about cardiovascular behavior and factors were included. The cardiovascular health score (CHS) was calculated. Basic CHS was collected from the first examination. The second CHS derived from the healthy examination in the same year of baPWV examination. Change of cardiovascular health score (ΔCHS) was calculated. Participants were defined into 5 groups according to ΔCHS, namely ΔCHS≤-2 (n=2 166), ΔCHS=-1 (n=1 284), ΔCHS=0 (n=1 187), ΔCHS=1 (n=860), and ΔCHS≥2 (n=819). Participants' characteristics, value of baPWV and proportion of HVA were compared among different groups. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between ΔCHS and HVA. The ΔCHS was recalculated and included in multiple logistic regression analysis model again after each component of the cardiovascular health metrics was removed separately in order to investigate effects of removal factors on HVA by observing changes in effect values. Results: The percentage of the participants with HVA in the group of ΔCHS≤-2, ΔCHS=-1, ΔCHS=0, ΔCHS=1 and ΔCHS≥2 were 23.3%(505/2 166), 27.8%(357/1 284), 28.7%(341/1 187),31.9%(274/860) and 33.9%(278/819), respectively. After adjustment for age, sex, income, education, alcohol consumption and the basic CHS, a significant positive association between ΔCHS and proportion of participants with HVA was observed (OR=1.50, 95%CI 1.44-1.56). Multiple regression analysis after removing each single cardiovascular behavior or factor showed that the OR value decreased as follow systolic blood pressure (OR=1.04, 95%CI 1.00-1.09), fasting blood glucose (OR=1.14, 95%CI 1.09-1.18), physical exercise (OR=1.16, 95%CI 1.11-1.21), salt intake (OR=1.17, 95%CI 1.12-1.22), body mass index (OR=1.18, 95%CI 1.13-1.23), smoking(OR=1.18, 95%CI 1.13-1.23) and total cholesterol (OR=1.20, 95%CI 1.16-1.24). Conclusion: The improvement of every ideal cardiovascular behavior and factor is associated with the increase of the proportion of HVA population.

[Advances of chronic tympanic membrane perforation animal model].

Chronic tympanic membrane perforation in an animal model has been widely used. The ideal model is a lasting and stable perforation without infection. For half a century, several physical modalities have been evolved, such as thermal injury, infolding technique, tympanostomy tube, re-myringotomy, and laser myringotomy. Chemical methods using chemical substance inhibiting growth and repair of cells as well as using gene defect animals are also applied. We have found the success rate is lower when using only one method and it would be better to combine physical and chemical approaches. In this article, we review the research advances in the establishment of chronic tympanic membrane perforation animal model.

[Transmastoidslotted labyrinthotomy approach cochlear implantation with customized electrode for patients with common cavity deformity].

Objective: To discuss the benefit of using transmastoid slotted labyrinthotomy approach (TSLA) and customized electrode for common cavity deformity (CCD) patients, and to evaluate the audiological outcomes. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the intraoperative monitoring data and postoperative auditory outcomes of 10 CCD cases who received cochlear implantation in Beijing Tongren Hospital,Capital Medical University from April 2016 to December 2017, was conducted using TSLA and customized electrod as a test group.At the same time, 10 cases of age and gender matched children with severe or severe sensorineural hearing loss and normal inner ear structures were recorded as a control group. Four questionnaires were collected from the two groupspre-operative, 6 months and 1 year after start-up. The Wilcoxon signed rank sum test was used to compare the scores of different time points. Rank sum test of two independent samples was used to compare the scores between different groups. Results: None of the patients exhibited CSF leakage or facial paralysis after operation. The average impedance of 8 CCD children in the experimental group was below 5 kΩ. The total extraction rate of auditory neural response telemetry (ART) of all stimulating electrodes was 55% (33/60), and the amplitude of the electricity induced complex action potential (ECAP) of electrodes at different positions ranged from 50.69 to 170.3 µV.The average surgical time of the TSLA group was 46.4 min, shorter than the traditional approach.There was significant difference between the scores of pre-operative, 6 months and 1 year after start-up for the TSLA group(categories of auditory performance,CAP: 2.0 (2.0,3.0) vs. 4.0 (3.8,4.0) , Z=-3.109, P=0.002; speech intelligibility rating,SIR: 2.0 (2.0,2.3) vs. 3.0 (2.8,4.0) , Z=-2.952, P=0.003; meaningful use of speech scale,MUSS: 4.0 (3.3,6.0) vs. 9.0 (6.0,11.8) , Z=-3.421, P=0.001; meaningful auditory integration scale, MAIS or infant-toddler and meaningful auditory integration scale, IT-MAIS: 5.5 (3.8,9.0) vs. 15.5 (10.8,18.5) , Z=-3.522, P=0.000 for the latter two).In addition, The scores of the TSLA group were significantly worse than the control group at 6 months and 1 year after start-up.The high-resolution CT scan showed good adhesion of the electrodes without displacementone week and one year after surgery. Conclusions: For CCD patients, TSLA and customized electrode is recommended due to lower surgical difficulty and post-operative risk, shortened surgical time; Intraoperative ART monitoring can be used to determine the integrity of the auditory pathway. Children with common cavity deformity have a longer period of auditory rehabilitation, and the individual differences in speech rehabilitation are significantly different, which is significantly worse than those with normal structure.

[The advance of materials for preventing adhesion in tympanoplasty].

For otitis media patients with severe mucosal lesions, adhesion is the most common poor prognosis of tympanoplasty. We generally consider tympanic cavity adhesion is due to eustachian tube dysfunction and poor middle ear ventilation. The mechanism of adhesion is unclear so far, which we thought is mainly associated with wounded surface and activation of the fibrinolytic system. To solve the problem of adhesion, several materials have been used in the middle ear surgery, such as plastic sheet, silicone sheet and absorbable material. And there are some benefits. The most widely used is silicone sheet, and there are some researches focused on its thickness, shape and components to achieve better anti-adhesion effect. In this article, we will do a review for the research advances of anti-adhesion materials in tympanoplasty.

[Canalplasty: surgical technique and analysis of the results].

Objective:To determine the applications and results of canalplasty for closed middle ear surgery.Method:Charts of 74 ears who underwent a canalplasty and closed middle ear surgery because of chronic otitis media or middle ear cholesterol granuloma between 2012 and 2016 were reviewed for general condition, disease, surgery methods,surgical outcome,complications,results of pure tone audiometry pre-and post-operatively.Result:Sixteen(21.6%) ears have some problems of their anterior ligament of malleus.Post-operative there are 69 ears totally epithelization, of which the rate is 93.2%,and the average epithelization time is 5.3 weeks. The myringoplasties are successful on 72 ears(97.3%).There are 5 ears(6.8%) occurring complications relating to canalplasty.One year after surgery the air-bone gap has decreased by 8 dB, which has been improved significantly than pre-operative(P<0.05).Conclusion:This study shows that technique for canalplasty is safe and effective,which can exposure the whole tympanic membrane and is easy for tympanoplasty. The epithelization rate of our technique is high.And it's good for myringoplasty and hearing outcomes.

[Research progress in therapeutic action of mesenchymal stem cell in allergic rhinitis].

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an allergic disease of nasal mucosa, currently the consensus has been reached that there is a Th1/Th2 imbalance in AR's pathogenesis, meanwhile there are defects in the number and/or function of Treg cells. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have characteristics of multiple differentiation potential, low immunogenicity and immunomodulation function, which can be migrated and implanted into the nasal inflammatory mucosal, recovering the Th1/Th2 immune balance and up-regulate the Treg cells by immunomodulatory function to improve AR. For the present, the treatment of AR by MSCs is basically at the animal experiment stage. This paper reviews the progress of MSCs in AR's treatment and provides a basis for the clinical treatment of MSCs.

[Preoperative diagnosis and evaluation of cochlear implantation in patients with cochlear nerve deficiency].

Cochlear nerve deficiency (CND) refers to a small or absent cochlear branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve (VCN) or cochlear nerve (CN). Congenitally deaf children with CND who received cochlear implants (CIs) generally exhibit poorer auditory performance than CI children without CND. It is important to confirm the integrity of the auditory pathway before surgery. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (3D MRI) are major techniques used to diagnosis CND. In this paper, we reviewed the methods of preoperative evaluation, cochlear nerve embryonic development, techniques for diagnosis and outcomes of cochlear implantation.

[Clinical significance of continuous transfixion suture for nasal septum in septoplasty].

Objective:To systemically evaluate the clinical significance of continuous transfixion suture for nasal septum in septoplasty. Method:Forty patients with nasal septum deviation were randomly assigned to the suture group including 20 patients who underwent endoscopic septoplasty followed by continuous transfixion suture for nasal septum, or the nasal packing group including 20 patients who underwent endoscopic septoplasty followed by nasal packing. Two groups were compared for the visual analogue scale (VAS) scores for postoperative rhinalgia, headache, lacrimation, dysphagia and sleep disorder, changes in mucociliary transport time (MTT) before and after surgery, and postoperative capillary hemorrhage. Patients were followed up for 2 weeks to observe the short-term postoperative complications. Result:Mean VAS scores for rhinalgia, headache, lacrimation, dysphagia and sleep disorder were all higher in nasal packing group than those in suture group (P<0.05); compared to suture group, there was greater prolongation of MTT before and after surgery in packing group (P<0.05); there was significant difference between two groups in postoperative capillary hemorrhage volume (P<0.05); in the nasal packing group, nasal synechia, nasal dryness and hyposmia were observed in 1, 3 and 2 patients, respectively, within 2 weeks postoperatively, whereas no short-term complications were observed in the suture group. Conclusion:Use of continuous transfixion suture in place of nasal packing following septoplasty can significantly improve the postoperative symptoms, protect nasal mucociliary clearance, and reduce short-term postoperative complications.

[Application of lower abdominal aorta balloon occlusion technique by ultrasound guiding during caesarean section in patients with pernicious placenta previa].

Objective: To discuss the feasibility, effect and safety of lower abdominal aorta balloon occlusion technique by ultrasound guiding during caesarean section in patients with pernicious placenta previa. Methods: The clinical data of 40 patients with pernicious placenta previa complicated with placenta accreta from January 2015 to August 2017 in Liuzhou workers hospital were analyzed retrospectively. The study group included 20 cases, which were operated in the way of cesarean section combined lower abdominal aorta balloon occlusion technique by ultrasound guiding, while the control group also included 20 cases, which were operated in the way of the conventional cesarean section without balloon occlusion technique. The bleeding amount, blood transfusion volume, operative total time, hysterectomy and complications of the two groups were compared. Results: The bleeding amount and blood transfusion volume in study group were(850±100)ml and (400±50)ml, which were lower than that of the control group[(2 500±230)ml and (1 500±100)ml], the difference was statistically significant(t=35.624, 16.523, all P<0.05). In addition, the hysterectomy rate in study group was 5%, which was lower than that in the control group(30%), the difference was statistically significant(χ2=8.672, P<0.05). And the total time of operation was (2.0±0.5)h in the study group, which was shorter than that in the control group[(3.5±0.4)h]. The difference was statistically significant(t=11.362, P<0.05). No postoperative complications took place in the study group.The blood pressure, heart rate and blood oxygen fluctuated significantly, and the postoperative renal function was significantly reduced in the control group. Conclusions: The lower abdominal aorta balloon occlusion technique by ultrasound guiding during a caesarean section in patients with pernicious placenta previa can effectively control the bleeding during operation, and preserve reproductive function to the utmost degree.Therefore, the technique is safe, feasible, convenient and cheaper, and worthy of being widely applied in clinic.

[Clinical observation on the effect of glucocorticoid insensitivity on sudden sensorineural hearing loss patients].

Objective: To investigate the correlation between the proliferation inhibition effect of glucocorticoid (GC) on peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) and the pure tone average (PTA) improvement in SSNHL patients. Methods: Sixty inpatients with SSNHL were included from July 2013 to October 2015 in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University. Peripheral venous blood was collected before receiving treatment, then the PBMC was isolated for GC proliferation inhibition. PBMCs of each patient were cultivated into 4 groups: Group A: PBMCs+ Medium; Group B: PBMCs+ Medium+ lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 µmol/L); Group C: PBMCs+ Medium+ LPS+ Dexamethasone; Group D: Medium. PBMCs were maintained in a humidified 5% CO(2) atmosphere at 37°C and were observed after 24 hours. 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) was used to measure PBMC proliferation inhibition rate. The PBMC proliferation inhibition rates were calculated according to the absorbance at 490 nm wavelength under a microtiter plate reader. Independent sample t tests of PBMC proliferation inhibition rate were performed between different groups. χ(2) tests were performed between gender, affected ear side, accompanied by vertigo or not, audiometric curve, time period from onset to treatment, PBMC proliferation inhibition rate and the improvement of pure tone average (PTA). Linear correlation analyses were performed between PBMC proliferation inhibition rate, the time period from onset to treatment and the hearing improvement. Results: The proliferation inhibition effect of GC on PBMC varied significantly among patients. The PBMC proliferation inhibition rate in GC insensitive group was lower than that in GC sensitive group (26.72%±21.82% vs 64.44%±25.48%, t=6.113, P<0.05). The PBMC proliferation inhibition rate in refractory group was lower than that in initial group (40.93%±28.57% vs 57.04%±31.19%, t=2.035, P=0.046). There was no statistical significance between gender, affected ear side, accompanied by vertigo or not, audiometric curve and the hearing improvement (χ(2) value was 2.320, 0.031, 2.143, 0.106, respectively, all P>0.05). Both in initial group and refractory group, the linear correlation analyses showed a significant positive correlation between PBMC proliferation inhibition rate and the PTA improvement (r value was 0.615, 0.657, respectively, all P<0.05), as well as a significant negative correlation between time period from onset to treatment and the PTA improvement(r value was -0.542, 0.370, respectively, all P<0.05). Conclusions: The proliferation inhibition rate of PBMC in vitro by GC is correlated with patients' hearing improvement. The proliferation inhibition test might be used to predict the sensitivity to GC treatment and be helpful for individualized treatment of SSNHLin clinical practice.

[Effects of botulinum toxin type A injection for pathological characteristic of calf in rats with spinal cord injure].

Objective: To explore the effect of BoTN-A on pathological characteristics of calf (GM) and motor function of ankle dorsiflexors in SCI model rats. Methods: Thirty-six SD male rats (weight 260-280 g) were randomly allocated into normal control group and 12w-control group, NS-injection group and BT-injection group in this study.NS/BT-injection groups were divided into two subgroups separately (2w-NS, 2w-BT, 8w-NS, 8w-BT). No injection was applied in normal control group or 12w-control group.Saline/BoTN-A was injected in right GM in NS/BT-injection group at two different time points(2w, 8w). GM and Sol on right side of rats would be forwarded for pathologicalexaminations, such as muscle weight, myosin heavy chain (MyHC) electrophoretic analysisat the 12th week. Results: Compared with the other three groups, the muscle weights of GM and Sol in the BT-injection group significantly decreased.MyHC type ratioof GM and Sol on the right side in the BT-injection group also significantlychanged.According to subgroup comparisons, MyHC type ratio of GM and Sol on the injectedside in the 2w-BT subgroup was significant different from that of the 8w-BT subgroup.MyHC type ratios of GM on the non-injected side in the BT injection group also changed more than normal control group.The change of MyHC type ratio of non-injected GM was significantly higher in the 2 week-BT subgroup than that in the 8-week subgroup. Conclusions: BoNT-A intervention resulted in pathological changes not only in the injected GM in SCI rats, but also in non-injected GM and non-injected Sol.The effects of earlier (2 weeks) BoTN-A intervention on pathologic characteristicsof GM and Sol were larger than that of later intervention.

Development and characterization of microsatellite markers for Solen grandis using Illumina sequencing approach.

Solen grandis is an important economic and overexploited bivalve species. In order to perform its fine-scale genetic analyses, 105 pairs of microsatellites with polymorphism were identified through Illumina Hiseq platform and bioinformatic assembly technology in this study. The estimated fragment size ranged from 100 to 268 bp and the number of alleles per locus varied between 2 and 23. Observed and expected heterozygosities varied from 0.0667 to 1.0000 and 0.0966 to 0.9492, respectively. Fourteen loci deviated significantly from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium after Bonferroni correction. These microsatellite markers developed in this study would be helpful for future genetic studies on S. grandis and closely related species.

[Establishment and characterization of an orthotopic murine model of mucosal malignant melanoma of the maxillary sinus].

Objective:To establish a stable and reliable orthotopic murine model of mucosal malignant melanoma of the maxillary sinus so as to provide animal models for further studying for pathogenesis and therapy of sinonasal malignancy.Method:B16 were implanted in the right maxillary sinus of male nude mice. After tumors appeared in right maxillary sinus, tumor growth and survival rate were recorded. The degree of tumor infiltration was observed through the MRI.Result:Mice with B16 implanted in right maxillary sinus developed primary tumors. The survival and the tumor volume were related to the number of tumor cells implanted. We found that the tumor can invade into nasal cavity, orbital cavity and the basilar region using MRI.Conclusion:We successfully established a model for mucosal malignant melanoma of the maxillary sinus. This model offers an experimental tool for further research on biological characteristics of sinonasal malignancy and the development of new therapy.